Automatic refrigerating apparatus.



Patented Nov. l9, I90l.

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

' S. C. WOLCOTT.

AUTOMATIC REFBIGERATING APPARATUS.

(Apphcatxon filed Dec 22 1900) (No Model.)

' WiLncs No. 686,874. Patented Nov. l9, l90l. S. C. WOLCOTT. AUTOMATIC REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

Application filed Dec. 22, 1900.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

Wit 16s ass lflvcnio gpheh Ciwojcmib.

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SEEGIFIOATIQN forming part of To, 666,8?4, dated November 19, "19-91.

Application filed December 22, 1900, Serial No. 20,746. (1T0 model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beitknown that l, STEPHEN QWonoorr, a citizen of the United States, and a resident Bridgeport, in the county of Fairiieid and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Refrigerating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification,

This invention relates to an improved means for automatically regulating a refrigcrating apparatus or ice-machine, so the temperature of the brine-tank of the ice-machine or the temperature of a room ora nu mber of rooms in a cold-storage apparatus er refrigerator maybe maintained suhstantialiy constant without the care or oversight of an attendant,

My invention consists of a means which is adapted to automatically control starting or stopping of the motor which drives the compressing apparatus by fluid-pressure, the flow of which through the various pipes which are provided therefor being controlied by a thermostat, which is suitably located in the space which is to be refrigerated, the parts being arranged so that the motor is automatically stopped when the temperature falls too low in the refrigerated space and is automat ically started again when the temperature rises above the point desired.

My invention further consists in the em ployment of the same means which controls the motor to automatically open and close the pipe which supplies the water for cooling the refrigerating medium as it is compressed simultaneously with the starting and stopping of the motor, so that the water will not be wasted while the motor is at rest.

My invention further consists in providing a means for automatically stopping the motor in case the watersupply should fail for any cause.

My invention further consists in providing means which enable a single motor and compressor to automatically maintain the temperatures at different points in a series of refrigerating-chambers, so that the motor and water-supply will be stopped when the temperatures in all the refrigerating-chambers have been brought down to the desired points, but will be started when the temperature in one of the chambers is raised above the point desired in that particuiar chamber.

tcconipiish above results by means of automatic vaives and switches which are opmated by iiuidpressure, the flow of the latter being controlled by thermostats, which are in the space to be refrigerated or in the brine-tank.

In the drawings, T'gure 1 shows a diagrammatic view of my system applied to a sing e room of refrigerating plant or singie refrigerator or a single brine-tank in which it is desired to maintain a constant tempera- 2 shows my system applied to a plurali of rooms or brine-tanks in which it is desired to maintain the temperature at different points. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are detail views.

This invention is adapted to be applied to the compression system of refrigeration only, and the apparatus which is used in this connection is the same as that which is commoniy used for this purpose and forms no part of my invention. These parts are, however, indicated in a general way in the drawings, in which 1 indicates the compressing cylinders, which are driven by a motor 2.

3 is the condenser, and 4 the receiver, into which the condensed refrigerating liquid is passed prior to its being conducted to the refrigeraiing-coil. The particular refrigerating medium used is ammonia-gas. Other wellknown compounds may also be used with equal advantage in my system. The refrigerating liquid is conducted to the expansion or refrigerating coil 7 bythe pipe 5, passing through an expansion-valve 6, such valves being well known in the art. The discharge end of the coil is connected to the pipe 8, through which the expanded gas is returned to the compressing-cylinders 1. The water for cooling the refrigerating medium as it is compressed is conducted from the watermain 9 to the water-jacket of the compressingcylinders by pipe and thence passes to the condenser 10 and is discharged into the sewer 11. The water-main is also connected to a hydraulic motor M by the pipe 12, said motor exhausting into the sewer ll. The motor drives an air-compressor P, which discharges into a compressed-air tank T. The pipe 12 is provided with an automatic diaphragmvalve 13, which is connected to the tank T by pipe 14, so that when the pressure in the tank is raised to a certain point the valve 13 will be closed, stopping the motor. The diaphragmyalve which is used in this instance and throughout the apparatus may be of any well-known form, one form of a valve of this character being indicated in Fig. 4c. The stem of the valve is connected to a flexible diaphragm, which closes one side of the chamber. A pipe is connected to this chamber, through which the fluid may be supplied to force out the diaphragm and close the valve' A spring is also provided, which acts on the outer side of the diaphragm and will lift the valve from its seat when the pressure is removed from the diaphragm.

A thermostat 15 is located in the brinetankor in the refrigerator. This thermostat may be of any well-known form which will reciprocate a valve-stem 15' in one direction or the other, according to the variations in,

. of said valve is connected to the compressedair tank T by a pipe 17, and a pipe 18 is connected to the discharge-port of the valve. Au exhaust-port 19 is also providedin the valve 16, which is open to the outside air. The

water-supply pipe 1.0 to the compressor 1 is provided with a diaphragm-valve 90 of the same character as that shown in Fig. 4, and the pressure side of the diaphragm is connected to the pipe 18 by pipe 90. A switch 20 is provided for making and breaking the circuit from the source of the electricity D to the motor 2. This switch is provided with two contact-points 20 and 20 which are supported on an insulating-block 20*. A crossbar 20 is supported by a vertically-reciprocating stem 20, said stem being connected at its upper end to a flexible diaphragm 20 This diaphragm closes a chamber which is connected by a pipe 21 to the pipe 18. The under side of the diaphragm is supported by a spring, which is normally adapted to hold the cross-bar 20 in engagement with the contact-points 20 and 20, thus completing the circuit.

lit is obvious that a rheostat could be advantageously substituted for the simple form of switch shown under many conditions. In fact,the rheostat is preferable under most conditions. As a rheostat is a form of switch, the latter term is intended to include the former in the specification and claims.

A diaphragm-valve 22 is located in the pipe 5, which leads to the coil 7, between the expansion-valve and the coil, and a similar valve 8 is located in pipe 8 at the discharge end of the co l. The diaphragm-chamber of each valve is connected to pipe 18 by pipe 22.

ceases Both valves close at a lower pressure than that necessary to stop the motor.

As thus far described the operation is as follows: Assuming that the thermostat will move the valve-stein 15 to the right when the temperature rises one degree above the normal or desired temperature and will move it to the left when the temperature falls one degree below the normal, it will be in the middle position shown in Fig. 1 when the compressor is being operated just fast enough to maintain the temperature at the desired point. If, however, the temperature should fall one degree or more below the normal, the valve-stem 15 of the thermostat will be moved to the left, so that the pipe 17 and the pipe 18 are connected through the ports of the valve 16. The compressed air from the tank will then flow through the pipe 18 and will first close the valves 8 and 22, preventing further discharge of the refrigerating medium into the coil 7 and exhaustion therefrom. The pressure in the pipe 21 will soon force down the contact-bar 20, breaking the circuit and stopping the motor, and at the same time the pressure in the pipe 18 will pass through the pipe and move the diaphragm in the valve 90, so as to shut off the watersupply through the pipe 10. All the parts will then be at rest until the temperature in the refrigerator is raised one degree above the normal. When this occurs, the thermostat will act to throw the valve 16 to the right and will close connection between pipes 17 and 18 and open the pipe 18 to the exhaustport 19. The compressed air in the pipe 18 will then pass out through the port 19, relieving the pressure on the diaphragms of the switch 20 and of the valves 90, S, and 22, permitting the'springs under the diaphragms to act so that the bar 20 will be lifted, closing the circuit to the motor and starting the same and also opening valve 90, so as to supply water to the condensing-cylinders, and opening valves 22 and 8, so as to permit discharge of the refrigerating medium into and from the coil 7, the two latter valves opening last. By closing valve 8' in advance of the opening of the switch the pressure in the returnpipe 8 will be materially reduced before the motor stops, so that there will be a greatlyreduced load on the compressor and motor when they are started. This is an important feature, as the danger of burning out the electric motor is minimized.

In the case of the failure of the water-sup ply at any time I have provided an arrangement, hereinafter described, which will stop the motor, so that the condensing operation will not be continued unless the water is supplied to the condenser and compressor. A chamber 23 is provided, containing a diaphragm 23, which is connected to a threeway valve 2%. The chamber 23 is connected to the pipe 10 by the pipe 25, and a spring 23" acts to force the diaphragm against the water-pressure. Said chamber is located so that the water may drain therefrom into the compressor. A port on the upper side of the valve is connected to the pressure-tank T by a pipe 26 a pipe 27 is connected to a port in the lower side of the valve, andan additional port 28 is also provided adjacent said latter port, which is opened to the outside air. A'diaphragm-valve 29 of the same character as those previously described is arranged in the pipe 18 between the points where the pipes 90, 21, and 22 are connected thereto and the valve 16, and the pipe 27 leads to the pressure side of the diaphragm of said valve. A pipe 30 connects the pipe 27 with the portion of pipe 18 which is on the side of valve 29 opposite valve 16, said pipe 30 being provided with a check-valve 31. The particular form of this check-valve is illustrated in Fig. 3, in which the valve 31 is guided by a stem '31 and is held to its seat by a spring 31 This valve is arranged in the pipe 30, so as to prevent flow from the pipelS to the pipe 27 and permit the flow of air from pipe 27 to pipe 18 when the pressure in pipe 27 is raised sufliciently to overcome the tension of the spring 31 The tension of this spring 31 is adjusted so that the valve 31 will not be opened until after the valve 29 is closed, when compressed air is forced into the pipe 27. v The pressure side of the diaphragm 23 being constantly open to the water-pressure in the pipe 10, the valve 24; is normally held in the position shown in Fig. 1. If, however, the watersupply should fail or be turned ofi for any reason, the water would run out of the pipe 10 and chamber '23 into the compressor, and the pressure which forces the diaphragm 23' to the, position shown in the drawings will be removed, so that the spring 23 will act to move the valve 24 to the left, the tension thereof being just sufficient for this purpose. A free passage will then be opened from the pipe 26 to the pipe 27 through the valve 24:. The air-pressure will pass from the tank T through the pipes 26 and 27 and will first close the valve 29, preventing the escape of the air through the pipe 18 and exhaust 19. The check-valve 31 will then be forced open,

1 permitting the compressed air to pass into the pipes 90 and 22 and close the valves 90, S, and 22 and also pass into the pipe 21 and open the switch 20,stopping the motor. \Vhen the water-supply is returned, the pressure will move the diaphragm 23' to the right, so

that it will assume the position shown in Fig. 1 and will open a free escape from the pipe 27 to the open air. The check -valve 31 will close, and the valve 29 will be opened, so that a free escape of the compressed air in the pipes 21,22, and will be afforded through the pipe 18, removing the pressure from the diaphragms of valves 90, 8, and 22 and switch 20, thus opening said valves and starting the motor. As the chain-her 23 is arranged so that it will drain into the condenser, the tension of spring 23" should be very light, so that the mere presence of the water in the supply-pipe under a very low pressure will be sufiicient to prevent the stopping of the motor.

In case the motor should burn out or the.

supply of electricity should fail I have provided a diaphragm-valve 32 in the water-sup.- ply pipe 9 to automatically cut otf the watersupply. The diaphragm ofthe valve 32 is connected to the return-pipe 8 of the coil by pipe 33. It will be obvious that as soon as the compressor stops the valves thereof will prevent the escape of the refrigerating medium from pipe 8, so that the pressure will be raised in the latter by the continued discharge of the refrigerating medium from the coil to the highest point which will be permitted by valve 6. The diaphragm-valve 32 is adjusted so that under any ordinary or normal pressure it will not be closed by the return-pipe pressure; but when an excessive pressure is brought to bear thereon by reason of the sudden stoppage of the motor and compressor and consequent accumulation of pressure in the return-pipe the valve 32 will be closed, preventing waste of water. As the refrigerating medium cannot escape from the pipe 8, the pipe 9 will be kept closed until the compressor is, again started, reducing the pressure in the pipe 8. A throttle-valve 10 is provided in pipe 10 between the valve 90 and the compressor water therethrough.

In Fig. 2 Ihave shown a system of regulation similar to the one previously described applied to a series of brine-tanks or rooms of a cold-storage plant, in each of which it is desired to maintain a difierence in temperature. The condensing apparatus is precisely the same as that previously described with respect to Fig. 1. In this figure I have shown three separate refrigerating-chambers A, B,

and G. The coils in these chambers (partially indicated by dotted lines) are connected to the main supply-pipe 5 by branches 5 5 5. Each of these branch pipes is provided with expansion-valves 6 6 6, said valves being adjusted according to the requirements of the refrigerating-chamber to which they are connected. The main return-pipe 8 is connected to the discharge ends of the coils by the branch pipes 8 S 8, respectively. A constant pressure is maintained in tank T in the manner before described, and the diaphragmchambers of the switch 20 and the watershut-off valves 90 are connected to the tank T by means of pipes 17' and 18 and their branches 21 and 90'. Thermostats 15 15 15 (indicated in dotted lines) are arranged in chambers A B C, respectively, and these thermostats control valves 16, 16", and 16, respectively, they being constructed the same as the thermostat 15 and valve 16 previously described in connection with Fig. 1. The supply-port of each valve is connected to the pipe 17", leading from tank T, by branch pipes 17, 17", and 17. The ports 19 19 19 from to regulate the flow of each valve are connected to the exhaustpipe 19, the end of which is open to the atmosphere. Pipes 18 18 18 are connected to the discharge-ports of valves 16 16 16, respectively. The supply and discharge ends of each coil are provided with diaphragm-valves 22 8 22 8 22 8 respectively, and the pipes 18 18 and 18 are res ectively connected to the diaphragm-chambers of said valves by means of pipes 18 18 18 22 22 22. The pipes 90' and 21 are connected to the exhaustpipe 19 by means of pipes 18' and 31-. Adiaphragrn-valve 34 is arranged in said pipe 34, and the pipe 18 is connected to the diaph raginchamber of said valve. A by-pass pipe 35 is connected to pipe 34 on each side of valve 31,

and a diaphragm-valve 35 is provided in said icy-pass. The branch pipe 18 is connected to the diaphragm-chamberpf valve 35. In like manner a by-pass 36 is connected to the pipe 35 on opposite sides of the valve 35, and a valve 36 is arranged in said by-pass, pipe 18 being connected to the diaphragm-chamber of said valve 36. Three diaphragm-valves 37 37 37 are arranged in said pipe 18 be yond the point where the pipe 17 is connected withthebranch pipe thereto. The diaphragmchambers of said valves 37 a 37 37 are respectively connected to the branch pipes 18" 18 18 by means of pipes 18 18 18 These latter named valves act reversely to the diaphragmvalves which have been previously described, in that the chamber is on the side of the diaphragm which is next to the valve instead of being on the side opposite to the valve, so that when pressure is introduced in the diaphragm chamber the valve will be lifted from its seat instead of being forced to its seat. The particular form of this valve is shown in detail in Fig. 5, the chamber on the side of the diaphragm being next the valve and its spring on the opposite side. The springs of these valves are adjusted so that a higher pressure is necessary to open these valves than to close valves 34. 35 36 8 88 Athree-way valve 24, which is practically the same in every respect as the valve 24 described in Fig. 1, is arranged in pipe 26, the latter being connected to the pressure-tank T. This valve is connected to a diaphragm 23, which is open to water-pressure from the supply-pipe 9 and is normallyheld in the position shown in the drawings. A. pipe 27 is connected to the discharge-port of valve 24, and said pipe is branched into two pipes 27 and 27. The branch 27 is connected to the diaphragm-chamber of diaphragm-valve 29', which is arranged at the end of exhaust-pipe 19. The branch 27 is connected to the pipes 18 18 18 by the branches 30 30 30. Checkvalves 31 31 31, similar to those shown in Fig. 3, are arranged in said pipes 30 30 30, respectively, said check valves being arranged to prevent the flow of air from said pipes 18 18 18 to pipe 27.

The arrangement of the various pipes and valves and their connections having been deire of B at a temperature of a temperature of 4-0". At the time he valves 16 10 10 will be in -and position, so that the branch 1o 18 18 will be open. to the exhaust- 19, the valves 37 37 37 will be closed, the valves 22 22 22 8 8 8 34 35 30 will all be open. iVhen the apparatus is started, the temperature in these chambers will be gradually reduced at the same rate until temperature of is reached in each chamber. When the temperature in the chamber C is reduced slightly below 4.0 the thermostat 15 will move the valve 16to the left, opening communication between the tank T and the branch pipe 18 through the pipe 17. he pressure in the pipe 18 will immediately close the valves 22, 8, and 36 and open the valve 37 ,valve 37 bein opened after the other valves are closed. The pressure in chambers A and B will then be reduced to 30, and when the thermostat 15 in the chamber B acts the branch pipe 18 will be connected to the pipe 17 and the valves 8, 22, and 35 will be closed and then the valve 37 will be opened. in like manner when the temperature in chamber A is brought to the point desired therein the thermostat will act to throw the valve 16 so that the branch pipe 18 will be connected to the tank T and the valves 22, 8, and 34 will be closed and finally valve 37 opened. By the opening of the valve 37 the last obstruction to an open communication between the tank T and the pipes 21 and is removed, so that the compressed air from the tank T may enter said pipes and open the switch 20 and stop the motor and close the valve 90 and stop the flow of water through the supplymain 10 to the compressor and condenser. By having the valves 34!, 35, and 36" closed before valves 37 37 37 are opened there is no chance for the compressed air to escape to the exhaust-pipe 19 after it passes the last valve 37.

It is desirable to have the capacity of the condensing apparatus such that it is amply able-to maintain the desired temperatures in the several chambers to which it is connected, and in practice the condensing apparatus will be at rest a greater portion of the time. If, however, the temperature in any one of the chambers--say,for example, the chamber B- is raised above the normal, the action of the controlling apparatus will be as follows: The valve 16 will be moved to the right, so that the pipe 18 will be connected with the exhaust-pipe 19, the pressure in the pipe 18 will be relieved, and the valves 37 will be first closed. Then the valves 35' and 22 will be opened, valve 37 shutting 011 the communication between the tank T and the diaphragm of the switch 20 and of valve 19. Upon valve 35 being opened a free passage for the compressed air in the pipes 21. i will be afforded through the pipes 34 to the exhaust-pipe 19'. The removal or pressure from the diaphragms of switc 20 and valve 90 will permit their springs L0 act and to close the switch and start the motor and compressor and open the water-supply the compressor. The raising of temp-erature in either of the other chambers the normal will cause a similar operation, communication between the tanlr and p 90 and 21' being closed by the valve 37 or 37 and the communication between said pipe and the exhaust 19" being opened by the opening of the valve 34 or 36'. in case the watersupply should fail, so that the pressure on diaphragm 23 is removed, the valve il'vvill be shifted so that the pipe 27 a will be placed in communication with the pipe 26, leading from the tankTm'hich will permit the pressure from the tank '1 to flow into said pipe 27. The valve 29' is set so thatit will close ata lower pressure than is required to open either of the checlc. valves 31 31 31,jso that valve 29' will first be closed, closing the outer end of the exhaustpipe 19 The airpressure will then pass through the branch pipes 30 30* closing valves 3% 35 36' 8 8 8 22 22 22 and then opening valves 37 37 37, permitting the airpressure from the tank T to pass around to "the pipe 21 and open the switch 20, stopping the motor. The valve will also he closed at the same time. hen the water-supply is again turned on the diaphragm 23 will move the valve 24: so that the pipe 27 will be open to the exhaust-port 28*, thus permitting the valve 29' to open the end of the exhaust-pipe 19. The temperature in each chamber will have risen so that their respective thermostats will have opened communication between pipes 18 18 18 and exhaustpipe 19, so that as soon as valve 29' is opened the valves 34 35 36 8 8 8 22 22 22 will be permitted to open and the valves 37 37 37 will be closed, thus cutting off communication from tank '1 to pipe 18 and permitting the air in said pipe and pipes 21 and 90 to escape through pipes 84 35 36 and starting the apparatus. It will be apparent that the number of refrigerating-chambers may be thus increased indefinitely, it being simply necessary to provide an additional valve in the pipe 18' and an additional exhaust pipe and valve for each refrigerating-chamber and make the proper connections with the thermostat-valve and throttle-valve in the coil.

Although I have described the use of compressed air to operate the various controllingvalves referred to,yet any fluid under pressure will perform the same functionsfor exam ple, water under suit-able pressure-but as water is slower to act than air I consider air preferable. A connection might also be made from the tank containing ,the refrigerating liquid to the compressed-air system, as indicated at X X in dotted lines in Fig. 1, the pipe leading from the compressed-air tank oeing connected to the supply-pipe 5 and encipe o from the coil.

T e articular forms of apparatus shown described not essentially parts of my invention, although some apparatus must he providedu'hich will perform similar functions For example, the various valves shown may be operated by a movable piston as well diaphragm, one being the equivalent of the other, and the fluid-pressure may be used to open the valves instead oi a spring, and various other changes may be made which are within the scope of my invention.

Although l have described my invention in connection with the expansion system of refrigeration, it wi l be obvious that it may be used with equal advantage in connection brine system, in which a pump circulates brine, which has previously been reduced in temperature, through a series of cells it will be obvious that if the latter system were employed in connection with my invention only the part thereof which relates to the controlling of the motor would be used.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

i. A refrigerating apparatuscomprising a compressor for compressing the refrigerating medium, a motor for operating said comcompressor, means for starting and stopping said motor and for controlling the passage of water through said pipe, a thermostat in said refrigerator, automatic fluid-pressure devices which-are adapted to control the means for starting and stopping the motor and the passage of water through the supply-pipe, fluidpressure pipes which are connected to said devices, and means controlled by saidthermostat for supplying fluid-pressure to said fluid-pressure pipes.

2, A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor for compressing the refrigerating medium, a motor for operating said conipressor, a water-supply pipe leading to said compressor for cooling said medium, means for controlling the starting and stopping of the motor, and for controlling the How of wa ter through said pipe, diaphragm-chambers having diaphragms therein, pipe connections between said chambers and a source of fluidpressure supply,valve mechanism in said pipe connections which are adapted to control the supply and exhaust of fluid-pressure to said diaphragm-chambers, a thermostat arranged in said space to be refrigerated which is connected to and controls said valve mechanism and means for moving said diaphragms against the fluid-pressure and thereby operating the means for controlling the motor and the water-supply.

3. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a compressor, a motor for operating the same, a circulating system, water-supply connections for cooling the refrigerating mepressor, a water-supply pipe leading to said csaere dium, means for starting and stopping the motor and for controlling the flow of water through said connections, diaphragm-chamhere having diaphragms therein, connections between said controlling means for the motor and water-supply and said diaphragms, a fluid-pressure tank, means for maintaining a constant pressure therein, pipe connections between said tank and said diaphragm-chambers, a three-way valve in said pipe connections, means for moving saidvalve so as to open and close communication between said tank and chambers and for opening said chambers to an exhaust, said means comprising a thermostat which is arranged in the space to be refrigerated, and means for moving said diaphragms in the opposite direction from that which they are forced by the fluid-pressure.

4. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor, a motor for driving the same, controlling means for said motor, a water-sup ply pipe for conducting water totthe compressor to cool the refrigerating medium, an automatic valve for controlling the flow of water through said pipe, an expansion-coil which is located in the space to be refrigerated, connections between said coil and the compressor, an automatic valve in the inlet side of said coil, means, which are adapted to be operated by fluid-pressure, for. operating said motor-controlling means and said automatic valves, a thermostat which is located in the space to be refrigerated, and means for controlling the flow of fluid-pressure to said operating means; whereby the motor may be stopped, the water-supply pipe to the coil be closed, and the supply of the refrigerant to the expansion-coil be shut off when the temperature falls below a predetermined point in the space to be refrigerated.

5. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor, a refrigerating-chamber, an expansion-coil therein which is connected to the condensing apparatus, a motor for driving said compressor, means for controlling said motor which are adapted to be operated by fluid-pressure, a water-supply pipe for conducting water to the compressor, and means controlled by the water-pressure in said pipe for controlling the supply of fluid-pressure to said motor-controlling means.

6. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a compressor, a motor for driving the same, a circulating system, water connections for cooling the refrigerating medi-' um, means for controlling the starting and stopping of said motor, a flexible diaphragm connected to said controlling means, achamher for said diaphragm, a system of pipes which are connected to said chamber, means for supplying fluid-pressure to said pipes, a valve for controlling the admission and discharge of fluid-pressure to said pipes, at diaphragm-chamber having a diaphragm which is connected to said valve, connections between said-latter chamber and said watersupply connections, whereby the pressure of the water-supply will hold said valve in one position, means for moving said valve when the water-pressure is removed from said diaphragm, and means for moving said motorcontrolling means when the fluid-pressure is removed from its diaphragm.

'7. A means for maintaining different temperatures in a series of refrigerating-chambers, comprising a compressor, a motor for driving the same, an independent expansioncoil in each chamber, pipe connections between each of said coils and the compressor, a thermostat in each of said chambers, and means controlled by any one of said thermostats for stopping said motor when the temperature in each chamber has been lowered to the particular point desired therein, and for starting said motor when the temperature in any one of said chambers is raised above the desired temperature therein.

8. An apparatus for maintaining different temperatures in a seriesof refrigerating-chambers, comprising a compressor, a motor for driving the same, a series of refrigeratingchambers, an expansion-coil in each chamber each coil being connected to said compressor, means for automatically stopping said motor when the temperature in each chamber has been lowered to the particular point desired therein, and means for starting said motor when the temperature in any one of said chambers is raised above the desired temperatu re therein. I

9. An apparatus for maintaining different temperatures in a series of refrigerating-chambers comprising a compressor, a motor for driving the same, an independent expansioncoil in each chamber each of which is connected to said compressor, a thermostat in each chamber which is adjusted according to the particular temperature to be maintained therein, automatic means for starting and stopping said motor which are adapted to be controlled by any one of said thermostats so as to stop the motor when the temperatures in each chamber have been reduced to predetermined points therein and to start the motor 'when the temperature in any one of said chambers is raised above the predetermined point of that particular chamber.

10. An apparatus for maintaining different temperatures in a series of refrigerating-chain bers comprising a compressor, a motor for driving the same, a series of expansion-coils in. each chamber, each of which is connected to said compressor, automatic means for preventing the temperature from being lowered below a certain point in one chamber and below a different point in another chamber, means for automatically stopping said motor when the temperatures in all of said chambers have been reduced to their various predetermined points, and means for automatically starting said motor when the temperature in IIO anyone of said chambers is raised to a predetermined point above its particular mini" mum temperature.

11. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a series of refrigerating-chambers, amotor, means driven thereby for cooling each of said chambers, automatic means for preventing the temperature from being lowered below a certain point in one chamber and below a different point in another, automatic means for stopping said motor when the temperatures in each chamber have been reduced to their respective points, and automatic means for starting said motor when the temperature in any one of said chambers has been raised to a predetermined point above the minimum temperature therein.

12. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor, a motor for driving the same, means for controlling said motor, pipe connections for supplying water for cooling the refrigerating medium as it is condensed, an automatic valve in said water-supply pipe, a series of refrigeratingchambers having expansion-coils which are connected to said compressor, a thermostat in each chamber, automatic means for preventing the temperature from being lowered below a certain point in one chamber and below a difierent point in an- 3c otl1er chamber, automatic means for stopping said -motor and water-supply when the temperature in each chamber has been lowered to the particular point desired, and automatic means for starting said motor-and water-supply when the temperature in any one of said chambers is raised to a point above its minimum temperature. I

13. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a series of refrigerating-chambers, a compressor, a motor operating said compressor, fiuid-pressure-operated means for controlling said motor, a source of fluid-pressure, supply-pipe connections between the same and said motor-controlling means, a series of refrigerating-chambers having expansion-coils which are suitably connected to said compressor, a valve for each chamber in said supply-pipes, each valve being adapted to close communication between said pressure-supply and said controlling means, a series of exhaust-pipes, corresponding in number to said chambers, which are connected to said supply'pipes between said valves and the motor- .controlling means, valvesin each of said exhaunt-pipes, a-thermostat in each of said chambers, meanscontrolled by the thermostat of each chamber which areadapted to open its corresponding valve in the pressure- .su'pply' and close its corresponding valve in the exhaust-pipes andvice versa.

14. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a series of refrigerating-chambers, a compressor, a motor therefonmans for controlling said motor comprising a pressure-diaphragm having a pressure chamber on one side thereof, means for. moving said diaphragm inwardly, a fluid-pressure-supplying tank a supply-pipe connecting said tank and pressure-chamber, a series .of valves in said pipe which correspond in number to the number of refrigerating-chambers, each valve being adapted to close communication between said tank and said motor-controlling means, a series of exhaust-pipes connected to said supply-pipe between said valves and said motor-controlling means, said exhaust-pipes corresponding in number to the number of refrigerating-chambers, a valve for closing each of said exhaust-pipes, diaphragm-chambers having diaphragms thereinwhich are connected to each of said supply and exhaust pipe valves,fluid-pressure pipes which are connected to said chambers, said chambers being arranged so that when fluid-pressure is introduced therein the supply-pipe valves will be opened and the exhaust-pipe be closed, means for moving said valves in the opposite directions when the fluid-pressure is removed, a thermostat in each of said refrigerating chambers, pipe connections between said supply-tank and the diaphragm-chambers of said exhaust and supply valves, and separate valve mechanisms controlled by each thermostat separately for opening and closingcommunication between the diaphragmchambers of one of said supply-valves and one of said exhaust-valves.

15. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor, means for driving the same, an

expansion-coil inthe chamber to be refrigerated, pipes which connect the ends of said coil to the compressor, a thermostat in said chamber, an automatic valve in the pipe which supplies the refrigerating medium to the coil which is adapted to be operated by fluid-pressure, and means controlled by said thermostat for controlling the supply and exhaust. of fluid pressure to said valve, said parts being arranged so that when the temperature in said chamber falls below a predeterminedpoint said valve will be closed and will be opened when the temperatur rises above a predetermined point.

16. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor for compressing the refrigerating medium, a motor, an expansion-coil in the chamber to be refrigerated, supply and return pipes for connecting said coil with the compressor, means for controlling said motor which are adapted to be controlled by fluidpressure, an automatic valve in said returnpipe which is also adapted to be controlled by fluid-pressure, said return-pipe valve being adapted to close at a lower pressure than is necessary to operate said motor-controlling means to stop the motor, a thermostat in said chamber, and means controlled by said thermostat for supplying fluid-pressure to said motor controlling means and said valve, whereby said valve may first be closed and then the motor stopped.

.17. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor, a motor for driving the same, means for controlling said motor, an'expan- IIO being; adapted to close said valve before it actsto stop the motor.

18. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor, a motor therefor, means for controlling said motor, pipe connections for supplying Water to cool the refrigerating medium as it is condensed, a chamber having a diaphragm therein which is connected to said Water-supply pipe and is arranged above the point Where said pipe is connected to the condensing apparatus, means controlled by said diaphragm for operating said motor, said means being adapted to stop the motor when the water runs out of said chamber.

19, A refrigerating apparatus comprising a series of refrigerating-ohamhers, a corn pressor, a motor operating said compressor, iiuid-pressnre-operated means for controlling said motor, a source of fluid-pressure, sun l pipe connections between the same and motor-controlling means, a series refrigerating chambers having expansion coils which are suitably connected to said. com- 0 pressor, a valve for each chamber in said supply-pipes each valve being adapted to close communication between said pressu e-stipply and said controlling means, a series of exhaust-pipes, corresponding in number to said chambers, which are connected said supply-pipes between said valves motor-controlling means, valves said exhaust-pipes, a thermostat said chambers, means controlled i1 mostat oi? each chamber which open its corresponding valve in valves in advance of the opening of P plypipe valves.

in testimony Wliereo l have afiixed my nature in presence or: two Witnesses,

Witnesses:

Lents ll. tl'iianirtas, G-no. UCKER. 

